How To Calculate The Processing Cost Of Mechanical Parts!

How to calculate the processing cost of mechanical parts!

How to calculate the cost of raw materials most accurately?

When calculating the cost of processing mechanical parts, the first step is to calculate the cost of raw materials. After you get the part drawings, first calculate the weight of the blank based on the shape and size of the part. Generally, leave a processing allowance of 10% to 20% more than the weight of the finished product. Then multiply this by the current market unit price of materials, such as 45-grade steel at 5 yuan per kilogram and aluminum alloy at 25 yuan per kilogram. In this way, you can get the cost of a single piece of material. Be careful to add the material loss rate, which is usually calculated at 3% to 5%.

Those numerous small factories can easily ignore the value of scrap recycling. For example, the iron filings produced after turning round steel can be recycled according to the price of scrap iron, which is about 1.5 yuan per kilogram. Although the amount of this part of the funds is not large, when the batch size is large enough, it can reduce the total cost. Masters with rich experience will list the specific details of material costs separately on the quotation, so that customers can see clearly.

This is the most reasonable way to calculate CNC processing fees

In the cost of mechanical parts, CNC processing fees account for a large proportion, generally between 40% and 60%. When calculating, the hourly rate of machine tools must be taken into consideration. The hourly rate of ordinary three-axis machining centers is in the range of 80 yuan to 150 yuan, while the hourly rate of five-axis machine tools hovers in the range of 200 yuan to 400 yuan. Then the processing time can be calculated based on the process card. For example, if a complex part requires 30 minutes of processing time, the CNC cost will be between 40 yuan and 75 yuan.

When making an actual quotation, the number of clamping operations and tool wear must also be taken into consideration. If the parts are turned over, the clamping time will increase by 20% to 30%. For special materials such as titanium alloy, the cutting tools wear out quickly. Each cutting tool can only process ten parts, so this cost needs to be allocated. In 2024, statistics from a mold factory in Shenzhen showed that tools accounted for approximately 8% to 12% of the CNC process cost.

How to charge for each process of turning, milling, grinding and wire cutting

There are different processing techniques, which have different billing standards. Ordinary lathes charge between 50 and 80 yuan per hour, milling machines charge between 60 and 100 yuan per hour, and surface grinders charge 40 and 70 yuan per hour. Wire cutting is billed according to the processing area, of which fast wire cutting is 0.005 yuan per square millimeter, and slow wire cutting is 0.015 yuan per square millimeter. Just like a disc with a diameter of 50mm and a thickness of 20mm, it costs about 3.5 yuan to wire-cut the outer circle.

When combining processes, it is important to remain alert to double billing. For example, if the turning operation is carried out first and then the grinding operation is carried out, if the remaining amount for grinding is very small, in that case the quotation should be made together with the turning operation. In 2019, a factory in Zhejiang with precision machining capabilities discovered that the price quoted when the processes were split was 15% higher than the combined price, and the customer did not accept this. Therefore, a reasonable move is to conduct an overall assessment based on the process route and then provide a package price.

Surface treatment and packaging fees cannot be missed

Calculating the surface treatment fee is based on the process and area. The cost of galvanizing is 3 to 5 yuan per square decimeter, the cost of anodizing is 8 to 12 yuan per square decimeter, and the cost of blackening is 2 to 4 yuan per kilogram. It should be noted that some treatments are charged based on weight, such as carburizing and quenching, which costs 6 to 10 yuan per kilogram. Packaging fees are generally charged based on 1% to 2% of the value of the parts. Use cartons for large batches and bubble bags for small batches.

Incorporate customs clearance and logistics costs into cost calculations. If the customer requests delivery to a designated location, the shipping costs must be displayed separately. During the quotation process of a hardware factory in Dongguan in 2023, the packaging fee was included, and each piece was charged 0.5 yuan, and the logistics fee was 30 yuan per batch. These scattered fees added up to a total of 3% to 5% of the cost. List the items in detail on the quotation, and the customer will feel more professional.

How to increase tax points and profits in a reasonable way

It is necessary to give a tax-inclusive quotation based on the cost, plus value-added tax; the tax rate for general taxpayers is 13%, and the tax rate for small-scale taxpayers is 3%; assuming that the tax-exclusive cost is 100 yuan, after adding the 13% tax point, it is 113 yuan; it should be noted that some customers require the issuance of special invoices for deduction, and the tax point needs to be listed separately; the profit point is usually controlled between 10% and 20%, and will drop to 5% to 8% when competition is fierce.

As for the volume discount, it needs to be agreed in advance. For example, if the quantity is less than 100 pieces, the standard price will be implemented, while if the quantity is more than 500 pieces, it will be 10% off, and if the quantity is more than 1,000 pieces, it will be 15% off. In 2022, a machinery factory in Suzhou made a quotation for an auto parts manufacturer. At that time, the annual order volume was 20,000 pieces, and the remaining profit in the end was only 8%. It relied on volume to obtain profits. Clearly write down the tiered prices on the quotation, which can encourage customers to place more orders.

What should be included in the quotation template?

A complete template of a hardware parts processing quotation should cover the following parts: the name of the customer, the drawing number of the part, the specifications of the material, the weight of a single hardware part, the specific details of each process, the price of a single part, the quantity of processing, the overall price, tax points, the date on which delivery can be carried out, and the period of validity of the guarantee. Moreover, the requirement for detailed marking is that for each process, the model of the equipment used, the processing time required to complete the process, and the hourly cost rate value must be clearly stated. As shown in the example, for example, a CNC machining center FANUC system is used. The time required to process a part is 0.5 hours, and the hourly rate is 120 yuan. After calculation, the total price of the process is 60 yuan.

Finally, attach note terms, such as "This quotation does not include mold fees", "Packaging costs are calculated separately", and "The tax-included price is valid for 15 days." Industry research in 2024 shows that 73% of buyers trust suppliers with clear and transparent quotations more. It is recommended to use Excel to make it because it is easier to modify and copy.

When calculating the processing cost of mechanical parts, which item is easily missed, the material loss or the surface treatment fee? Please share your experience in the comment area, like and bookmark this article, and refer to it directly for the next quotation!